Almanac 2011: Cardiac Arrhythmias and Pacing. The National Society Journals Present Selected Research that has Driven Recent Advances in Clinical Cardiology
نویسنده
چکیده
U posljednje dvije godine objavljen je niz vaænih kliniËkih istraæivanja koje produbljuju naπe razumijevanje i kliniËko lijeËenje pacijenata s fibrilacijom atrija (FA). Dva glavna cilja lijeËenja, smanjenje progresije ili ponavljanja aritmije te smanjenje rizika kardiovaskularnih dogaaja, imaju za cilj poboljπanje kvalitete æivota i smanjuje smrtnosti. PrateÊi mnoπtvo dokaza iz predkliniËkih studija, manjih kliniËkih studija i meta-analiza koji ukazuju da blokada renin-angiotenzinskog sustava ima korisne uËinke na patofiziologiju FA, dvije velike multicentriËne, placebomkontrolirane, randomizirane studije su provedene kako bi se utvrdili uËinci blokatora receptora angiotenzina II (ARB) na FA. Prva od ovih studija, objavljena 2009. godine, testirala je hipotezu da bi valsartan, lijek iz skupine ARB, pored uobiËajene terapije, mogao smanjiti ponavljanje FA kod pacijenata s veÊ prisutnom kardiovaskularnom bolesti, dijabetesom ili poveÊanjem lijevog atrija te s anamnestiËkim podacima o prethodno dokumentiranoj FA. Ukupno 1.442 pacijenta bilo je ukljuËeno u studiju — 722 je dodijeljeno u skupinu s valsartanom (ciljna doza 320 mg) i 720 u skupinu na placebu. IstraæivaËi su ustanovili da lijeËenje valsartanom nije imalo znaËajan uËinak na ponavljanje FA (51,4% u valsartan skupini i 52,1% u placebo skupini, p=0,73) tijekom relativno kratkog razdoblja praÊenja u trajanju od jedne godine. Druga velika randomizirana studija sa sartanima, objavljena ove godine, procjenjivala je smanjuje li irbesartan rizik od kardiovaskularnih dogaaja kod pacijenata s FA. Pacijenti s anamnezom riziËnih Ëimbenika za moædani udar i sistoliËkim tlakom od najmanje 110 mmHg bili su randomizirani na primanje ili irbesartana (ciljna doza od 300 mg jednom dnevno) ili placeba. Ispitanici ove studije bili su veÊ ukljuËeni u jednu od druge dvije studije s FA koje su analizirale uËinak klopidogrela i acetilsalicilne kiseline (ASK) naspram same ASK ili naspram oralnih antikoagulansa. IstraæivaËi su ustanovili da irbesartan nije smanjio kardiovaskularne dogaaje ili uËestalost hospitaliAtrial fibrillation
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